Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease in which demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark characteristic. There is no curative therapy currently available for MS; however, a handful of drugs targeting the autoimmune component are used primarily to manage flare-ups. Recently, a new breakthrough therapy (ocrelizumab) was approved for primary progressive MS as well as relapsing-remitting MS, but there is still an unmet clinical need for the more debilitating forms of MS.
Preclinical studies in animal models typically take two avenues where one avenue focuses on the autoimmune component and the other avenue focuses on the mechanisms of demyelination independent of the autoimmune effects. The EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) series of MS models are widely used to test therapies targeting the inflammation component of MS, while MS models where demyelination is induced by cuprizone, lysolecithin, or ethidium bromide are increasingly being used to test therapeutic candidates.
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